
Is generative AI making students more wise and productive or is it encouraging lazy learners to cut too many corners? Join us on Monday 7th July at 2pm BST (UTC+1) to discuss a recently published review paper investigating the effect of ChatGPT on students’ learning by Jin Wang and Wenxiang Fan at Hangzhou Normal University in China [1]. From the abstract:
As a new type of artificial intelligence, ChatGPT is becoming widely used in learning. However, academic consensus regarding its efficacy remains elusive. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of ChatGPT in improving students’ learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking through a meta-analysis of 51 research studies published between November 2022 and February 2025. The results indicate that ChatGPT has a large positive impact on improving learning performance (g = 0.867) and a moderately positive impact on enhancing learning perception (g = 0.456) and fostering higher-order thinking (g = 0.457). The impact of ChatGPT on learning performance was moderated by type of course (QB = 64.249, P < 0.001), learning model (QB = 76.220, P < 0.001), and duration (QB = 55.998, P < 0.001); its effect on learning perception was moderated by duration (QB = 19.839, P < 0.001); and its influence on the development of higher-order thinking was moderated by type of course (QB = 7.811, P < 0.05) and the role played by ChatGPT (QB = 4.872, P < 0.05). This study suggests that: (1) appropriate learning scaffolds or educational frameworks (e.g., Bloom’s taxonomy) should be provided when using ChatGPT to develop students’ higher-order thinking; (2) the broad use of ChatGPT at various grade levels and in different types of courses should be encouraged to support diverse learning needs; (3) ChatGPT should be actively integrated into different learning modes to enhance student learning, especially in problem-based learning; (4) continuous use of ChatGPT should be ensured to support student learning, with a recommended duration of 4–8 weeks for more stable effects; (5) ChatGPT should be flexibly integrated into teaching as an intelligent tutor, learning partner, and educational tool. Finally, due to the limited sample size for learning perception and higher-order thinking, and the moderately positive effect, future studies with expanded scope should further explore how to use ChatGPT more effectively to cultivate students’ learning perception and higher-order thinking.
The authors of the paper have been invited to join us to give a lightning talk summary. All welcome, meeting URL is public at zoom.us/j/96465296256 (meeting ID 9646-5296-256
) but the password is private and pinned in the slack channel which you can join by following the instructions at sigcse.cs.manchester.ac.uk/join-us
(Paper recommendation via Mustafa Suleyman at Microsoft (quote): “The fear: AI will make students lazy. The reality? It’s making them smarter. A new meta-analysis of 51 studies shows AI is actually boosting critical thinking, not just grades”)
References
- Jin Wang & Wenxiang Fan (2025) The effect of ChatGPT on students’ learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking: insights from a meta-analysis Humanities and Social Sciences Communications: Volume 12, No. 621, available from nature.com/articles/s41599-025-04787-y and doi.org/g9h3x3